As the second president of Spain's First Republic, which was established in February, 1873, Francisco Pi y Margall, who was also a leader of 19th-century Spain's Federal Republican Party, stood in the forefront of the movement advocating the federalization of Spain. He had previously translated a number of the works of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon into Spanish in 1868-9, and became known as the person responsible for introducing Proudhon's thought. It is well known that his theory of federalism was based on the Proudhon's theory of the principles of the social contract, but there was another, decidedly different principle that distinguished the frameworks of the two men's conceptions. That was a view of history that took the federation and the existence of the federal state as fundamental. Although Pi y Margall had consistently placed these two principles as the pillars of his theory since La reaccion y la revolucion (Reaction and Revolution), [Madrid 1854], which was his first main book and in which he first proposed federalism, he had not sufficiently also demonstrated the character of his view of history in Las Nacionalidades (Nationalities) [Madrid, 1876], which was his second main book. In this article, I focus on his activities as a historian prior to his role as a federalist, which has been neglected in previous studies, and attempt to educe the process of the formation and characteristics of his view of history prior to 1854. In this endeavor, I centered the analysis on the discourse of his Reino de Granada (Realm of Granada), published in 1850, and employ a methodology contrasting the historical consciousness of Islamic Spain portrayed in the work and contemporary perspective of history. The following is a brief summary of the contents of each chapter and how they are interrelated. The first chapter is an overview of the relationship of the historical consciousness of Islamic Spain and that of the nation of Spain at the time of the publication of the Reino de Granada. I specifically employ the discourse of the popular national historian Modesto Lafuente y Zamalloa, as well as that of Arab scholars and the local historians of Granada as source materials. In the second chapter, I locate the writing of Pi y Margall prior to the publication of Reino de Granada within the context of the activities of the romantics. Reino de Granada was one volume of series of works entitled Recuerdos y Bellezas de Espana (Memories and Beauties of Spain), [Barcelona, 1839-65], which had first been published in 1839. It was produced as one among a variety of cultural endeavors that comprised the popular history of Spain in the mid-19th century. In architectural history of Spain, which was then being conducted in earnest for the first time, Christian architecture as represented by the gothic style was thought to represent the national history. Amidst this background, Pi y Margall authored three magazine essays on monuments, and on the basis of these essays, I consider his perception of history prior to the publication of Reino de Granada. Then, in the third chapter, I begin an analysis of Reino de Granada itself and consider the historical consciousness of Pi y Margall as it is represented therein. In this process, I used the accounts of contemporary travelers to the Alhambra palace and architectural historians, and a historical novelist who accompanied Pi y Margall on a visit to the palace, in addition to the records of the restorers of the palace. I survey how memories of the Alhambra palace were accepted during the mid-19th century. I then contrast them with Pi y Margall's own perception of history. Finally in the fourth chapter, I attempt to grasp his perception of history structurally by examining his apparently contradictory historical consciousness in light of contemporary historical philosophy. I analyze his theory of historiography and historical philosophy as it can be glimpsed in specific sources, such as his commentary written for the O