本稿は、戦後の米国統治下時代の特に琉球列島米国民政府USCAR: United　States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands）にあって、琉球政府の議会（立法府）として設置された立法院の概要や活動に触れるとともに、米国統治下の沖縄での自治拡大や基本的人権をはじめとする権利の獲得や擁護の実現において、立法院が果たした役割とその意義について考える。具体的には、自治権の拡大と人権の獲得という戦後沖縄の根本的な問題に着目し、戦後の沖縄社会に立法院の果たした役割と意義について、議会活動や民衆意識、社会動向等から考えていきたいが、本稿では、その手始めとして、特に米側の拒否権に注目する。立法院の立法案等の中でも、米国統治の下、自治権拡大や人権擁護について関連した立法案等に注目しつつ、特に米側に拒否された労働三法と教育四法の事案について考察していく。それによって、軍事基地の機能保持を目的とする米国の沖縄統治の実態と立法院との関係を浮き彫りにし、米国統治下の沖縄での自治拡大や基本的人権をはじめとする権利の獲得や擁護の実現において、立法院が果たした役割とその意義について考えていくものである。 This paper attempts to study the outlines and the activities of the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands established as the Legislature of the Ryukyu government The Legislature） during the post-war period when the islands were ruled by the United States, especially when it was under the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands （USCAR）. The paper will examine the roles played by the Legislature, and its significance in realizing the acquisition and advocacy for the rights, including the expansion of Okinawa’s autonomy and basic human rights during that period. Specifically, this paper will focus on the fundamental issues of the post-war Okinawan society, that is to expand the autonomous rights and to acquire human rights, and consider the roles and significance of the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands in post-war Okinawan society, from the angles including the activities of the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands , the public awareness and the social trends, and starting from there, to pay special attention on the US veto rights, especially about the three labor law sand four education laws. Among the legislation and legislative bills of the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands, this paper will focus on the bills relating to the expansion of autonomous rights and human rights advocacy under the US rule, particularly on the cases related to the three labor laws and four education laws that were vetoed by the US side. Thereby, this paper hopes to shed light on the reality of the US rule of Okinawa which was implemented with an aim to retain its function as a military base, as well as its relationship with the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands. With that, it is hoped that this paper will be able to examine the roles and significance of the Legislature of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands in realizing the acquisition and advocacy for the rights, including the expansion of Okinawa’s autonomy and basic human rights when it was under the US rule.