Sociality of toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder : About facial expression recognition

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  • 自閉スペクトラム症幼児の社会性に関する研究展望 : 表情理解に焦点を当てて

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This study reviewed previous studies on sociality and facial expression recognition of toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). For toddlers with ASD, many studies on sociality have been conducted in relation to “joint attention” and “theory of mind.” However, a recent attraction for research is emotional problems. Thus, furthering research on facial expression recognition, which is essential for understanding emotions, is needed. Generally, people prefer to look at human faces, and as they develop, they learn to discriminate differences in facial expressions; indeed, pleasant expressions are easier to recognize than the unpleasant ones. In addition, they look holistically at faces, not at facial parts such as the eyes or the mouth. In contrast, persons with ASD do not like looking at human faces and have difficulty in recognizing facial expressions, even pleasant ones. And, instead of processing holistically, they look at the mouth or have an uncertain perception. Clearly, persons with ASD have unique characteristics regarding facial expression recognition. As a relevant background, some researchers have discussed a different mechanism for automatic or conscious processing of emotions in those with ASD. However, studies of facial expression recognition have reported varying results, depending on the experimental conditions. Therefore, we hope to elucidate experimental conditions in a detailed study and conduct more studies with toddlers.

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