フィリピンの女性と教育

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  • フィリピン ノ ジョセイ ト キョウイク

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One of the outstanding features of the Philippines is that they have a highly educated population. According to Dr. Corpus, the enrollments in higher education will increase to 1,900,000 students in 1979-80. Furthermore, the women's enrollment in colleges and universities is greater than men's. The ratio of male and female in undergraduates is 45% to 55% while in the graduate schools it increases to 35% to 65%. The second feature is the great discrepancy between the rich and the poor caused by an unequal distribution of wealth and income. The visitors to Manila are struck with the carefully guarded subdivions as well as a great stretches of deprived land for squatters. In this paper the present status of women's higher education and their social participation will be presented and some problems will be considered concerning the role of women to build a bridge beween the rich and the poor. The place for women in the Philippines is equal to that for men according to the legend as well as to the bilateral kinship system. This trend has been somewhat accelerated by means of the "democratization" policy of the colonizers. Reflecting the high ratio of women in higher education, Filipinas have been active in various aspects of society. As is said in the Philippines that the man is the head while the woman is the neck, the actual power lies with women. In most cases, for instance, men are the presidents of colleges and universities while women are the vice-presidents or deans. Even at the level of advanced education women professors comprise 51.4% while men 48.6%. More women are employed in professional and technical fields than men. As to administrative and technical work 22.1% of women is engaged. (In Japan only 4.7% is in it.) In the process of industrialization the problem of unemployment looms serious while the trend toward brain drain presents itself as bright and seamy. Such problems will be dealt with in relation to the women's participation in higher education and social activities.

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