Evaluation of the changes in rice yield and soil chemical properties and estimation of potassium supply mechanism from a paddy-field soil under a 95-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Aichi Prefecture, Japan

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  • 愛知県での95年間の長期連用試験における水稲の収量と土壌化学性の変化および土壌カリウム供給機構について
  • アイチケン デ ノ 95ネンカン ノ チョウキ レンヨウ シケン ニ オケル スイトウ ノ シュウリョウ ト ドジョウ カガクセイ ノ ヘンカ オヨビ ドジョウ カリウム キョウキュウ キコウ ニ ツイテ

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Abstract

<p>The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency and the continuous application of organic matter on paddy rice yield were examined in relation to the nutrient balance and changes in soil chemistry that were recorded over a period of 95 years, i.e., since 1926. The experiment consisted of the following nine treatment plots: NPK (complete), NF (non-fertilized), -N (non-nitrogen), -P (non-phosphorus), -K (non-potassium), +RSC750 (NPK+rice straw compost, 750 g m−2), +RSC2250 (NPK+rice straw compost, 2250 g m−2), NPK-Ca (NPK without slaked lime), and NF-Ca (non-fertilized and without slaked lime).</p><p>The rice grain yield among various treatment plots was arranged in the following order: (NF-Ca, NF, -P)<-N<(-K, NPK-Ca, NPK)<+RSC750<+RSC2250. The yield ratios of the NF, -P, -N, and -K plots to the NPK plot were 0.27, 0.33, 0.44, and 0.94, respectively. Rice straw compost application increased the grain yield 1.17 times for +RSC750 and 1.31 times for +RSC2250 as compared with the NPK plot. Potassium balance was negative in the NF, NF-Ca, -K, NPK, NPK-Ca, and +RSC750 plots. Total soil potassium, exchangeable potassium, and nonexchangeable potassium concentrations were stable for the last 45 years (since 1976), despite the negative potassium balance. Although total potassium concentration in each experimental plot was almost equal, exchangeable potassium and nonexchangeable potassium concentrations differed depending on the treatment, reflecting potassium balance. These findings suggested that potassium dynamics in this paddy field have already reached equilibrium and that weathering of soil minerals is an important source of potassium for crop yield. In addition, potassium fertility in this paddy field is considered to be very persistent because the decrease in yield in the -K plot was lower than that in the NPK plot over 95 years.</p>

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