Surveillance of the clinical use of Mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) antivenom in tertiary care centers in Japan

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  • Hifumi Toru
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Yamamoto Akihiko
    Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Japan
  • Morokuma Kazunori
    Human Vaccine Production Department, The Chemo-Sera-Therapeutic Research Institute (KAKETSUKEN), Japan
  • Ogasawara Tomoko
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Kiriu Nobuaki
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Hasegawa Eiju
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Inoue Junichi
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Kato Hiroshi
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Koido Yuichi
    Division of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Japan
  • Takahashi Motohide
    Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Japan

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  • Surveillance of the Clinical Use of Mamushi (<i>Gloydius blomhoffii</i>) Antivenom in Tertiary Care Centers in Japan

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<p>We report the results of the first large-scale questionnaire surveillance on the clinical use of pit viper antivenom in tertiary care centers in Japan. The questionnaire surveillance was conducted over a period of 3 years (April 2006 to March 2009). Completed questionnaires were received from the tertiary care centers of 108 (49.3%) medical institutions. In that period, 574 cases of pit viper bites, including 2 severe cases, were reported. Antivenom was administered in 44% of the cases of pit viper bites, and of these cases, 2.4% had adverse reactions but no severe symptoms. Approximately half of the clinicians indicated that antivenom was effective. Antivenom was recognized to be safe; however, the remarkable finding was that although the severity of treated cases was unclear, some clinicians reported using cepharanthine as the first choice of treatment for pit viper bites.<tt> </tt></p>

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