Effect of light intensity in urban night on insect seasonality: A case study in a flesh fly

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  • 都市の夜は明るいか―ナミニクバエの場合

Abstract

<p>This review summarizes experimental results in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis as a model insect to determine the impacts of urbanization on insect seasonality. This species enters pupal diapause induced by short-day conditions at the embryonic and larval stages. Under decreasing photoperiod by two min/day, similar to autumn daylengths, at a constant temperature, the diapause incidence increased as the day advanced. Under natural light conditions in autumn in an urban area at the same constant temperature, however, some insects did not enter diapause even in late autumn. From these results we suggest that artificial light at night (ALAN) prevents diapause entry in the urban area. Then we found that in the laboratory, short-day induction of diapause was prevented by nighttime light levels as low as 0.01 lux. To compare the timing of diapause induction between in urban and rural areas, flies were reared on outdoor shelves in these areas. Diapause induction was delayed by approximately four weeks in the urban area compared to that in the rural area. Moreover, almost all flies in the site facing an urban residential area failed to enter diapause, even by late autumn. Although an autumnal low temperature in the urban area would mitigate the negative effect of ALAN, strong light pollution seriously disrupts the flesh fly seasonal adaptation.</p>

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