Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Paddy Field Soils in Japan

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  • Damo Jean Louise Cocson
    United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños
  • Ramirez Maria Daniela Artigas
    Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
  • Agake Shin-ichiro
    United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Pedro Mannix
    National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños
  • Brown Marilyn
    National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños
  • Sekimoto Hitoshi
    Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University
  • Yokoyama Tadashi
    Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University
  • Sugihara Soh
    Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Okazaki Shin
    Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Ohkama-Ohtsu Naoko
    Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

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<p>Phosphorus (P) is abundant in soil and is essential for plant growth and development; however, it is easily rendered insoluble in complexes of different types of phosphates, which may lead to P deficiency. Therefore, increases in the amount of P released from phosphate minerals using microbial inoculants is an important aspect of agriculture. The present study used inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria (iPSB) in paddy field soils to develop microbial inoculants. Soils planted with rice were collected from different regions of Japan. Soil P was sequentially fractionated using the Hedley method. iPSB were isolated using selective media supplemented with tricalcium phosphate (Ca-P), aluminum phosphate (Al-P), or iron phosphate (Fe-P). Representative isolates were selected based on the P solubilization index and soil sampling site. Identification was performed using 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing. Effectiveness was screened based on rice cultivar Koshihikari growth supplemented with Ca-P, Al-P, or Fe-P as the sole P source. Despite the relatively homogenous soil pH of paddy field sources, three sets of iPSB were isolated, suggesting the influence of fertilizer management and soil types. Most isolates were categorized as β-Proteobacteria (43%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the genera Pleomorphomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Trinickia as iPSB. Acidovorax sp. JC5, Pseudomonas sp. JC11, Burkholderia sp. JA6 and JA10, Sphingomonas sp. JA11, Mycolicibacterium sp. JF5, and Variovorax sp. JF6 promoted plant growth in rice supplemented with an insoluble P source. The iPSBs obtained may be developed as microbial inoculants for various soil types with different P fixation capacities.</p>

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