Cytogenetic Biodosimetry in Radiation Emergency Medicine: 3. The Basics of Chromosomes for Biodosimetry

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  • Nakata Akifumi
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo,
  • Ariyoshi Kentaro
    Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
  • Abe Yu
    Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
  • Fujishima Yohei
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Goh Swee Ting Valerie
    Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
  • Nakayama Ryo
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Takebayashi Kai
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Tran Thanh Mai
    Biodosimetry Group, Centre of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 1 Nguyen Tu Luc, Ward 8, Dalat City, Lamdong Province, Vietnam
  • Kasai Kosuke
    Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • A. Yoshida Mitsuaki
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Institute of Chromosome Life Science, 11-5-409, Fukuokachuo 2-Chome, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-0031, Japan
  • Miura Tomisato
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan

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説明

<p>Chromosomes are observed during the mitotic phase of the cell-cycle. As organisms have a species-specific chromosome number and morphology, any changes in the number or morphology can be considered as chromosome aberrations. It is well known that radiation exposure causes chromosome aberrations, and multiple studies have reported on the mechanisms of radiationinduced chromosome aberrations and the effects of radiation dose and quality on chromosome aberrations. Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations can be divided into 2 categories: stable chromosome aberrations which are inherited by daughter cells in cell division (e.g. translocations, inversions, partial deletions and duplications) and unstable chromosome aberrations which cause cell death and eventually disappear (e.g. dicentrics, rings and acentric fragments). In acute external exposure, unstable chromosome aberrations are usually used as indicators for accurate dose assessment to facilitate radiation emergency medical care. On the other hand, stable aberrations are generally used for retrospective dosimetry caused by past exposures. This article summarizes the essential information on chromosomes and chromosome aberrations for cytogenetic biodosimetry.</p>

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