<p>　The main motive for modern Japan's interest in Inner Mongolia was the Mongolian animal husbandry resources. After the Russian Japanese War, with the establishment of the "South Manchuria Railway" in 1906, Japan officially began the investigation of animal husbandry resources in eastern Inner Mongolia.</p><p>　Since then, Japan has carried out large-scale livestock variety improvement in eastern Inner Mongolia until the end of the war, and developed it into a major raw material supplier of modern wool industry. In fact, Japan's interest in Mongolian livestock resources seems to have sprouted as early as the early Meiji period. Until the Russian Japanese War, Japan has been trying to introduce Mongolian sheep into Japan.</p><p>　In this context, Japan's focus on animal husbandry resources in eastern Inner Mongolia began with various practical investigations of animal husbandry in the region.</p><p>　This paper will combine the fact that Japan began to pay attention to the animal husbandry resources of Mongolia from the early Meiji period. In view of the complex social situation of eastern Inner Mongolia as Japan's animal husbandry resource center at that time, including the process and results of systematic animal husbandry resource investigation in eastern Inner Mongolia since the early 20th century, and try to discuss Japan's understanding of animal husbandry resources in the early stage of entering Inner Mongolia.</p>