兵庫県おける在来作物および作物近縁野生種の生息域外保存（2021年）

This paper reports on the conservation of crop landraces and crop wild relatives in Hyogo Prefecture in 2021. With the cooperation of the Hyogo-no-zairaishu-hozonkai, a society conserving crop landraces in Hyogo Prefecture, we received seeds of crop landraces from farmers and surveyed natural or artificially disturbed environments to collect seeds of crop wild relatives. We collected the seeds of 2 Mizuna landraces (Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt), 3 accessions of turnip (Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. subsp. rapa), 4 of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.), 2 of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), 1 of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and 1 of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) from 21 cultivation sites or habitats. The novelty of this report is the discovery of “Banshu-Takana,” a landrace of leaf mustard and “Banshu-Shiro-Mizuna,” a landrace of Mizuna as well as the introduction of naturally growing turnips and radishes into the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank for the first time. After the seeds had multiplied, the NARO Genebank will preserve them for research and educational purposes (https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/index_en.php).

本報告は，兵庫県における在来作物および作物近縁野生種の保存に関する報告書である．我々は「ひょうごの在来種保存会」の協力を得て，生産者から在来作物の種子の分譲を受けると共に，作物近縁野生種を収集するために自然環境または人為攪乱環境を調査した．その結果，21点の生産地または生息地を記録し，そのうち，ミズナ2点，カブ3点，カラシナ4点，ハマダイコン2点，ダイズ1点，オクラ1点の種子を収集した．本報告の新規性は，新たな在来作物として「播州高菜」と「播州白水菜」を見出したことに加え，自生するカブとハマダイコンを初めて農研機構ジーンバンクに導入したことである．さらに，圃場に播種しても発芽しないほど種子の活性が低下していた「播州白水菜」の無菌培養による復活は特筆すべき成果である．農研機構のジーンバンクは，これらの種子を増殖後，研究または教育を目的とする利用のために配布する（https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/index_en.php）．

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