Gender in Cultural Anthropology : A Case Study of India

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  • 文化人類学からみるジェンダー : インドの事例から考える
  • ブンカ ジンルイガク カラ ミル ジェンダー : インド ノ ジレイ カラ カンガエル

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Abstract

Gender studies in cultural anthropology started with "discoveries" made through the first contact between the West and the non-West (East) during the colonial period. Among those discoveries, they found that gender roles, norms, and gender relations, considered "self-evident" in Western societies, differed in other societies around the world. As Said criticized in his book "Orientalism," gender-related practices, norms, and ideals of the East (Orient) differed from those of the West (Occident) and were perceived as "barbaric," "odd," "exotic," and even "erotic" in the eyes of Westerners and gave rise to prejudiced thinking about the Orient. This paper discusses how the discipline of cultural anthropology, which takes a cultural relativism position, has approached these prejudices. It will also examine gender issues and efforts to tackle them from the perspective of the orientalist critique, by using the case of India.

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