無（abhāva）の認識手段をめぐるニヤーヤ学派の議論について――<i>Tarkabhāṣā</i>の議論内容及び<i>Tarkabhāṣāprakāśikā</i>の資料的価値――

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  • A Nyāya Discussion of the Means of Knowing Absence （<i>abhāva</i>）: Analysis of the Relevant Arguments of the <i>Tarkabhāṣā</i> and the Textual Significance of the <i>Tarkabhāṣāprakāśikā</i>

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<p>Little study seems to have been devoted to the historical development of Classical Nyāya’s various phases of discussion on the means of knowing absence （abhāva）, except for B. K. Matilal’s annoted translation of the Nyāyabhāṣya on NS 2.2.7-12 （Matilal 1968, pp. 104-108）, a passage which represents only a very early stage of the discussion. The present paper is the author’s tiny first step toward comprehensive research on this topic. After an introductory remark, the paper offers a structural analysis of the relevant passage of the Tarkabhāṣā （TBh） based on Cinna[ṃ]bhaṭṭa’s commentary, the Tarkabhāṣāprakāśikā （TBhP）. The passage consists of the opponent’s （Bhāṭṭa’s） long criticism of the Nyaya view that absence is grasped by perception and the Nyaya’s short answer. Moreover, the paper refers to the textual significance of TBhP for acquiring a historical perspective on the development of the relevant discussion. The author tries to show the possibility of TBhP’s dependence on Udayana’s Nyāyakusumāñjali, but has left to the future the task of tracing back to the original source the Nyāya’s thesis given in paragraph C of TBh, according to which absence is grasped by the means of perception accompanied by the reasoning （tarka）, “if the pot were existent here on the ground, it could be seen like the ground,” and by the fact of the absence of that perception.</p>

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