Unveiling Critical Thermal Limits of Anolis tolimensis (Squamata, Anolidae) across an Elevational Landscape

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  • PINZÓN-BARRERA Catalina
    Ecotoxicology, Evolution, Environment and Conservation Group, Evolution and Conservation Research Seedbed (SEC), Applied Biology Program, Militar Nueva Granada University
  • SUÁREZ-AYALA Nathalia
    Ecotoxicology, Evolution, Environment and Conservation Group, Evolution and Conservation Research Seedbed (SEC), Applied Biology Program, Militar Nueva Granada University
  • CARRILLO-CHÁVEZ Lisa María
    Jaime Duque Park Foundation
  • CAMACHO-GONZÁLEZ Camilo Andrés
    Ecotoxicology, Evolution, Environment and Conservation Group, Evolution and Conservation Research Seedbed (SEC), Applied Biology Program, Militar Nueva Granada University
  • CALDERÓN-ESPINOSA Martha L.
    Morphology and Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Sciences Building 425, National University of Colombia
  • PINTO-SÁNCHEZ Nelsy Rocio
    Ecotoxicology, Evolution, Environment and Conservation Group, Evolution and Conservation Research Seedbed (SEC), Applied Biology Program, Militar Nueva Granada University

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  • Unveiling Critical Thermal Limits of <i>Anolis tolimensis</i> (Squamata, Anolidae) across an Elevational Landscape

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<p>Northern Andes Mountains exhibit high elevational fluctuation in thermal conditions for ectotherms. This fluctuating temperature limits the survival, growth, and dispersion of ectothermic organisms. Therefore, lizard species distributed on these mountain landscapes face strong temperature fluctuations. To test the potential effect of elevation, we characterized the critical maximum (CTmax) and minimum (CTmin) body temperature and time to reach CTmax (Tmax) and CTmin (Tmin) of individuals of Anolis tolimensis, an endemic species distributed on two cordilleras in the northern Andean system in Colombia. We collected individuals at four elevations (1,600, 1,900, 2,100, and 2,200 m asl) and measured their critical thermal limits under laboratory conditions. We also explored the role of sex and size on these physiological thermal variables. CTmax is similar among the elevations, but CTmin of the highest elevation (2,200 m asl) is the lowest (5.5±1.0°C) vs (2,100 m asl, 8.8±0.8°C; 1,900 m asl, 8.3±1°C; 1,600 m asl, 8.3±0.9°C). CTmax range is narrower (33–34.2°C) than CTmin (5.5–8.8°C), and thermal tolerance breadth (CTmin to CTmax values) is 28.7°C. Sex and body size may affect the thermal response, but the interaction varies with geography. Critical thermal limits are conservative (CTmax) or evolutionary labile (CTmin). Anolis tolimensis could deal with maximum environmental temperatures by thermoregulatory behavior or by an alternative strategy of increasing the time to reach the CTmax. Finally, extinction risk evaluation is needed to test the potential vulnerability of the population at the second-highest elevation.</p>

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