Developmental process and influencing factors of gender dysphoria from childhood to the present

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  • 「小児期」から「現在」に至る性別違和感の変容プロセスと影響要因
  • 「 ショウニキ 」 カラ 「 ゲンザイ 」 ニ イタル セイベツ イワカン ノ ヘンヨウ プロセス ト エイキョウ ヨウイン

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Abstract

The first purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the process of development using the Trajectory Equifinality Model(TEM), focusing on the history of gender dysphoria in childhood up to the present. Furthermore, the second purpose was to clarify whether family influence is related to the process of transformation. Using the gender dysphoria scale developed based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in children, we divided 53 participants into four groups(LL, LH, HL, and HH groups)based on the mean scores on the gender dysphoria scale for “childhood, elementary, and middle school” and for “present” to examine differences by type. In order to examine the transformation process of gender dysphoria from childhood to present, we interviewed 17 people from HL and HH groups and 3 people who had been diagnosed as the gender identity disorder. The first factor that caused and transformed gender dysphoria was the influence of family members, with the HH group describing conflicts due to comparisons with siblings and a decreased sense of self-esteem. In the HL and HH groups, the relationship with caregivers and parental gender-related discipline were shown to affect gender dysphoria, while the episodes in the GID group suggested that caregivers' understanding of gender dysphoria affected their own stress associated with gender dysphoria. Furthermore, in both groups, comparison with significant others outside the family, such as friends at school, school adjustment, and experiences of romantic love were shown to be modifiers of gender dysphoria.

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