Variant-specific Symptoms After COVID-19: A Hospital-based Study in Hiroshima

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  • Abe Kanon
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Sugiyama Aya
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Ito Noriaki
    Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital
  • Miwata Kei
    Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital
  • Kitahara Yoshihiro
    Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital
  • Okimoto Mafumi
    Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital
  • Mirzaev Ulugbek
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Department of Hepatology, Scientific Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan
  • Kurisu Akemi
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Akita Tomoyuki
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Ko Ko
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Takahashi Kazuaki
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Kubo Tatsuhiko
    Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Takafuta Toshiro
    Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital
  • Tanaka Junko
    Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

Description

<p>Background: Symptoms after novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 strains are unspecified.</p><p>Methods: This self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted to investigate symptoms after COVID-19 recovery at one of the main hospitals for COVID-19 treatment in Hiroshima, Japan, from September 2020 to March 2022 for patients who visited follow-up consultations after COVID-19. Study subjects were divided into four groups (Wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods) according to COVID-19 onset date. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine symptom clusters and investigate risk factors for each symptom cluster using multivariate analysis.</p><p>Results: Among 385 patients who enrolled in this study, 249 patients had any persistent symptoms at a median of 23.5 (interquartile range, 20–31) days after COVID-19 onset. Among patients with any persistent symptoms, symptom clusters including olfactory or taste disorders, respiratory symptoms, and cardiac symptoms were found. Respiratory symptoms were more frequent among patients infected in the Omicron period compared to the Wild-type period (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–7.48). Compared to patients who recovered from mild COVID-19, patients who needed oxygen or ventilation support suffered fewer post-COVID-19 respiratory symptoms (AOR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22–0.97) but more post-COVID-19 cardiac symptoms among them (AOR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.26–5.65). Olfactory or taste disorders were fewer among patients infected in the Omicron period compared to the Wild-type period (AOR 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04–0.46).</p><p>Conclusion: This study revealed that symptoms after COVID-19 may vary depending on the infected strain.</p>

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