中国共産党の「反ファシズム」言説：一九四三―一九四七

Japan’s declaration of war against the United States and the United Kingdom on December 8, 1941, connected the Sino-Japanese war with the war in Europe. It is well-known that this declaration established the so-called International Anti-fascist United Front, an alliance of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China. However, studies have failed to mention that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) consistently applied the logic of the Allied powers’ anti-fascism up to the time of the Second Civil War. Moreover, the CCP’s criticism of the Nationalist government and American “imperialism” was also rooted in anti-fascist rhetoric. This study reveals the history of the CCP’s expanded logic of anti-fascism up until 1947. The anti-fascist discourse of this period, which criticized the Kuomintang based on the logic of the Allied powers, emerged from the CCP’s strategic appeal to the Allied powers, anti-Chiang Kai-shek forces within the Kuomin tang, and third forces in China, as the Kuomintang established itself as one of the four major Allied powers and increased its political and military pressure on the CCP. Eventually, after the outbreak of the Second Civil War, in particular, the basis for this criticism of the Kuomintang shifted from a preoccupation　with the confrontation between the Allied and Axis powers to a preoccupation with the confrontation between the “people” and the “reactionaries,” with the U.S. positioned as the enemy of the united front. This evolution of the CCP’s anti-fascist logic, which is revealed in this study, criticized the legitimacy of the process for establishing the constitution, advanced by the Nationalist government, while simultaneously excluding, from the united front, those competing with the “proletarian class” for leadership of the united front. This logic justified a drastic change in the CCP’s revolutionary policy from the attempt to establish a constitution based on cooperation with the Kuomintang to realization of the people’s democratic dictatorship. This study’s findings also discredit the established theory that Mao’s worldview around 1947 was the prototype of the intermediate zone theory; instead, it reflected the CCP’s expanded logic of anti-fascism.