A numerical short study of local ground deformation around statistically penetrated shaft

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<p>Numerous countermeasures have been suggested since liquefaction can cause significant damage to structures. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that the penetration of rigid bodies, such as timber, can effectively mitigate displacement caused by liquefaction. Moreover, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a convenient tool to monitor the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of granular materials. This paper examines the impact of group pile distance on modifications to the surrounding soil properties, such as displacement and porosity, using DEM simulation with a periodically bounded domain. According to the tentative result, the axial force and overall particle displacement decrease as the distance between the shafts increases. Nevertheless, the displacement in the region adjacent to the shaft in a larger pile distance surpasses that in a shorter distance case. There is no distinctive trend in changes in voxel porosity with varying pile distances.</p>

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