Biofilm Eradication of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by Levofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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  • Río-Chacón José Mauricio Del
    Laboratory of Ecology, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
  • Rojas-Larios Fabián
    Laboratory of Ecology, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
  • Bocanegra-Ibarias Paola
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
  • Salas-Treviño Daniel
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
  • Espinoza-Gómez Francisco
    Laboratory of Ecology, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
  • Camacho-Ortiz Adrián
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
  • Flores-Treviño Samantha
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico

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  • Biofilm Eradication of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> by Levofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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<p>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermenting Gram-negative drug-resistant pathogen that causes healthcare-associated infections. Clinical isolates from Mexico were assessed for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in planktonic and biofilm cells using the broth microdilution method. The effects of antibiotics on biofilms were visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Fifty isolates were included in this study, of which 14 (28%) were biofilm producers (9 [64%] from blood and 5 [36%] from respiratory samples). In planktonic cells 4/50 (8%) of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin (8.0%) and 22/50 (44%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in biofilm cells. Bacterial biofilms treated with different concentrations of both antibiotics were completely disrupted. In conclusion, S. maltophilia isolated from blood had higher biofilm production than those isolated from respiratory samples. Biofilm production was associated with increased antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic monotherapy might not be the best course of action for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections in Mexico, because it might cause biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance.</p>

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