A Similar Interpretation of Terms Denoting ‘Perception’ （<i>Saṃjñā</i>/<i>Saññā</i>’ and <i>Vijñāna/Viññāna</i>） Regarding Ultimate Reality in the Early <i>Upaniṣads</i> and the Early Buddhist Texts

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  • 古ウパニシャッドと初期仏典におけるsaṃjñāとvijñānaについての一考察

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<p>This paper demonstrates a conceptual connection between the oldest Upaniṣads and the early corpus of the Pāli Buddhist Canon by examining the usage of terms derived from saṃ-√jñā and from vi-√jñā. This research analyzes the contexts in which terms such as saṃjñā and vijñāna （saññā and viññāna in Pāli） are employed with regard to enlightenment in the Bṛhadāraṇyaka and Chāndogya Upaniṣads, and in the 4th and 5th chapters of the Suttanipāta, In the earliest Upaniṣads, the term ‘discernment’ （vijñāna） signifies the realization of truth, while the realization is explained as an ‘indiscernible’ state or as ‘without awareness （na saṃjñā asti）,’ which presumably enables nondual reality through the understanding of Ātman. Similarly, in the Suttanipāta, viññāna is only required in the process of enlightenment. However, the post-enlightened status is free from mental factors such as saññā and vinñāna. Our analysis reveals that these texts share a common interpretation of ultimate reality, characterized by the absence of saṃjñā/saññā and vijñāna/viññāna.</p>

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