A Study on the Poor Relief System in Okinawa, 1879-1925

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  • 明治・大正期の沖縄における窮民救助に関する考察
  • メイジ タイショウキ ノ オキナワ ニ オケル キュウミン キュウジョ ニ カンスル コウサツ

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In prewar Okinawa, the Japanese Government had enforced a relief system in case of disaster for the poor, named Kyumin-Ichiji-Kyujo. Usually, a prefecture office used its own system, the Kyujomai and Tokubetu-Kyoudou-Tyochiku. The former was the fund reserved from state subsidy, the latter was the fund reserved from tax. These were the nominal property of the villages, but substantially the fund came from the prefecture office. Besides these systems, there were money and corn common to the villages. These named Magiri-Kyoudou-Tyochiku were used for the relief of poverty caused by disaster. That is to say, there was the relief expended as state subsidy, and on the other hand, the prefecture office created a fund for the relief of the poor in a disaster. Villages have had funds for that purpose, and when the funds were insufficient, the prefecture office asked for more state subsidy. For poverty except that caused by disaster, the state relief system and the public relief system were not used much. Instead of these relief systems, a system of mutual aid name Moai had been commonly practiced.

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