Recent findings on house dust mite allergen components

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  • 古くて新しいダニアレルゲンの話

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<p> Allergens bind to the allergen-specific IgE in allergic patients and induce allergic inflammation. Recently, there have been many reports about the effects of house dust mite allergen components on airway epithelial cells, keratinocytes and various immune cells.</p><p> Der 1 is a cysteine protease and found in large amounts in faecal pellets. Der 1 may act as a Th2 adjuvant through its proteolytic activities. Der 1 may cause barrier dysfunction and induce IL-33, which is a damage-associated molecular pattern. Der 1 may also stimulate epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, including basophils and eosinophils.</p><p> Der 2 shows structural homology with MD-2, which is an LPS-binding component of the TLR4 signaling complex. Therefore, Der 2 may bind to TLR4 together with LPS and induce innate immune responses.</p><p> Der 3, 6 and 9 are serine proteases, which can enhance the production of a variety of cytokines and chemokines from airway epithelial cells, keratinocytes and dendritic cells via protease-activated receptor-2.</p><p> The possible roles of some other house dust mite allergen components in allergic inflammation are also described briefly.</p>

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