EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL BOULDERS BY TSUNAMI AND HIGH WAVES

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  • 津波・高波による巨礫移動特性の実験的検討
  • ツナミ ・ タカナミ ニ ヨル キョレキイドウ トクセイ ノ ジッケンテキ ケントウ

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Abstract

 Boulders made of coral limestone transported shoreward have been observed many times in the tropics and subtropical coastal zones, and are called tsunami boulders or storm boulders. They can become lasting evidence of historical mega-tsunami or super typhoon occurrence during the past hundreds to thousands of years, even if no literature record remains. Since there is limited observational record of their detailed motion, movement limit, and spatial distribution of transport by tsunami or storm waves, detailed movement mechanisms are still poorly known. This increases the difficulty of developing a model of boulder transport, and interpreting field observations. This study aims to measure transport characteristics of coastal boulders through a series of experiments in the tsunami-wave laboratory flume. Transport distance of boulders increases in the dry reef conditions for solitary waves whereas in the wet reef conditions for irregular waves. Transport distance is strongly affected by fluid force variation according to the change of wave breaking point in solitary wave conditions. On the other hand, in irregular wave conditions, apparent weight become light in the submerged condition resulting smaller friction and more movable. In addition, we calculated the force required to move boulders from the fluid force and the maximum static frictional force.

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