The Basis of Legitimacy: A Case Study of the Bamboung Community-Based Marine Protected Area in Senegal

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  • 地域のレジティマシーをつくるのはだれか――セネガル・バンブーン地域共同体海洋保護区の事例から――
  • チイキ ノ レジティマシー オ ツクル ノ ワ ダレカ セネガル バンブーン チイキ キョウドウタイ カイヨウ ホゴク ノ ジレイ カラ

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Abstract

<p>The recent promotion of marine protected areas (MPAs)in West Africa reflects two major trends: the formation of a biodiversity conservation network and political decentralization. Widespread discourse about the decline in resources resulting from uncontrolled harvesting related to population increases often justifies the intervention of outside authorities such as the state and/or international conservation bodies. However, the democratization process emerging from structural adjustment programs has awarded power to local governments with respect to conservation and resource management.</p><p>This raises the question of whether community-based management is possible. Indeed, local populations may remain spectators while international organizations pursue their own initiatives.</p><p>This paper focuses on the issue of the governance of MPAs in a political context in which national and international authorities intervene in the traditional management operations of local communities. This analysis will draw on the social and historical backgrounds of the systems of land and marine tenure, usage, and management with particular reference to the Bamboung Community-based Marine Protected Area in Senegal. It is difficult to establish physical boundaries in oceans, and diverse stakeholders inevitably compete for legitimacy in these situations.</p><p>This research demonstrated that multiple claims of legitimacy rely on the diverse accounts of history that give each group unique connections to social and legal systems. It also suggests that the legitimacy of each actor is undermined by ambiguities in the social and legal systems and by uncertain estimates of fish inventories. This situation presents a dilemma in which the promotion of resource management by non-local stakeholders exacerbates conflicts within the local population.</p>

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