Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Bone Tissue Express Periodontal Ligament-related Gene

DOI HANDLE Open Access
  • Shinichiro YOSHIDA
    Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Naohisa WADA
    Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Daigaku HASEGAWA
    Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Hiromi MITARAI
    Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Mai ARIMA
    Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Atsushi TOMOKIYO
    Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Sayuri HAMANO
    Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Hideki SUGII
    Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University
  • Hidefumi MAEDA
    Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 骨組織上に播種した歯髄幹細胞は歯根膜関連遺伝子を発現する
  • ―接触する基質の硬さが細胞分化に及ぼす影響―
  • ―The Effect of Matrix Elasticity on Cellular Differentiation―

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Abstract

<p> Purpose: In severe cases of periodontitis or dental trauma, periodontal tissues including alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) are destroyed, and so novel therapy by cell implantation to reconstruct the damaged periodontal tissue is strongly required. Human dental pulp (DP) tissue, which has an abundant population of DP stem cells (DPSC), is believed to be a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine in various medical fields. Recently, matrix elasticity has been shown to regulate the differential fate of stem cells. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether DPSCs could convert to PDL-like cells by perceiving matrix elasticity, and possess the potential to regenerate periodontal tissues.</p><p> Method: Primary human DP cells, PDL cells, DPSCs and PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated from healthy patients. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction assays were examined by alizarin red S staining, oil red O staining and alcian blue staining, respectively. Expression of cell surface markers was analyzed using a flow cytometer. Bone slices (depth 10 mm×width 10 mm×height 3 mm) were created from mandibular bone of healthy swine. Rat GFP-expressing DP cells were transplanted in the tooth socket of a rat tooth replantation model, and homing of transplanted DP cells in PDL tissue was investigated by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p> Results: Primary PDL cells showed higher expression levels of PDL-related markers such as Periostin, Col-1, and α-SMA than those of primary DP cells by quantitative RT-PCR. DPSCs and PDLSCs showed pluripotency, and also expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers, such as CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD166 similarly to PDLSCs examined by flow cytometric analysis. PDLSCs also highly expressed Periostin, Col-1, and α-SMA compared to DPSCs by quantitative RT-PCR. DPSCs cultured on bone slices for 2 weeks enhanced gene expression of Periostin, Col-1, and α-SMA at similar levels to PDLSCs. In addition, transplanted rat GFP-positive DP cells were detected in PDL tissue around the replanted tooth in the rat tooth replantation model.</p><p> Conclusion: DPSCs cultured on bone tissue increased the expression of PDL-related genes, suggesting that DPSCs might be a useful source of cells for PDL tissue regeneration.</p>

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