ヘリウム４を使った GM 冷凍機の到達温度２K 以下の評価検討

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  • Estimate of a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler below 2K with helium 4

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Superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs), which are under development at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology in Japan, feature a high count rate, high detection efficiency, low noise (low dark count rate) and short jitter time compared with the existing avalanche photodiode (APD). Since 2012, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling SSPD has been developed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI). The total height of the expander was reduced by 33% compared to a commercially-available RDK-101 GM expander and the total volume of the compressor was reduced by 50% compared with the existing CNA-11 compressor unit. In 2016, Hiratsuka et al. reported that an oil-free compressor was developed for a 2K GM cryocooler. The cooling performance of a 2K GM expander driven by an experimental unit of the linear compressor was measured. No-load temperature less than 2.1 K and the cooling capacity of 20 mW at 2.3 K were successfully achieved with an electric input power of only 1.1 kW. In principle, the performance of an SSPD improves as the cooling temperature decreases. Therefore, we studied the feasibility to achieve a temperature below 2K with helium 4 by a numerical calculation and experimentally confirmed it using a commercially-available RDK-101 GM expander.

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