社会・環境適応におけるハンティの内水面漁撈の柔軟性

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  • Flexibility of Khanty's Fresh Water Fishing in the Social and Environmental Adaptations
  • シャカイ ・ カンキョウ テキオウ ニ オケル ハンティ ノ ナイスイメン ギョロウ ノ ジュウナンセイ

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This paper will consider the history of fishing of Khanty who live in Western Siberian forest and show their f lexibility that they have been adapted to natural environmental and social changes. Khanty's fishing has developed in the interactions between their local communities and outside world. In the Czarist Russia era in Western Siberia merchants found the economic value of fresh water fish resources and performed fish trade with Khanty. Then in the Soviet era Sovkhoz managed the fish production of indigenous peoples, and after the Soviet era municipal or private agricultural companies conducted indigenous fishing in the same way as Sovkhoz. At a glance, it looks like that Khanty's fishing form didn't change since Czarist times, except for the modern fishing tool. However this paper will reveal the continuity and discontinuity of their fishing form by examining the historical transition process of fishing and their reactions to fishing regulations, based on literatures and the author's fieldwork data in Yamal-Nenets autonomous region for about four months in total from 2016 to 2018. Finally it will indicate that Khanty have changed f lexibly their dependence on fishing activity, in order to deal with environmental and social changes.

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