Prosody of Compound Words in the Kitagata Dialect of Fukui Prefecture: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations as to Why <i>Shiki-hozon</i> (Tone Preservation Rule) does not Apply to All Compound Words

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  • 福井県北潟方言の後部3拍複合名詞のアクセント
  • 福井県北潟方言の後部3拍複合名詞のアクセント : 「式保存」が成り立たない共時的・通時的背景
  • フクイケン キタガタ ホウゲン ノ コウブ 3パク フクゴウ メイシ ノ アクセント : 「 シキ ホゾン 」 ガ ナリタタナイ キョウジテキ ・ ツウジテキ ハイケイ
  • ──「式保存」が成り立たない共時的・通時的背景──

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Abstract

<p>It is well known that the dialects with two-pattern prosodic systems in Kyusyu generally follow the so-called “Shiki-hozon” rule, which is as follows: the prosodic pattern of a compound word coincides with that of the first element of the compound word.</p><p>On the other hand, in the Kitagata dialect with a three-pattern prosodic system, the Shiki-hozon rule does not apply to all the compound words, resulting in quite a few exceptions to the rule, although it is admitted that there is an overall tendency for the prosodic patterns of compound words to be determined by their first element.</p><p>This paper analyzes the data of 1-mora+3-mora compound nouns and 2-mora+3-mora ones and attempts to give a synchronic and diachronic account of why such exceptions occur in the Kitagata dialect. As for the diachronic aspects, the paper points to the fact that compound nouns starting with a C-type-toned element tend to have a B-type tone contrary to the Shiki-hozon rule, and goes on to propose a hypothesis that this synchronically irregular tendency resulted from a tonal change similar to the one called “Taikeihenka” which had occurred in Kyoto during the Muromachi era.</p>

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