Identifying Meal Patterns Based on Daily Meals Consumed by Elementary School Students

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  • 小学生の日常の食事における食事パタンの出現状況
  • ショウガクセイ ノ ニチジョウ ノ ショクジ ニ オケル ショクジ パタン ノ シュツゲン ジョウキョウ

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<p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify one meal pattern considering daily meals provided to elementary school students.</p><p>Methods: Of the 235 fifth graders in K prefecture, 185 (48.7% valid responses) have a 4-day meal record. The survey period was a total of four days from October to November 2013, including two weekdays and two holidays. The survey was carried out by the students themselves using the photographic method and the weighing method or the standard recording method. The meal items were classified into 16 dish categories after comparing the dish name, main ingredient, and the photograph of the meal described in the meal record. Thirteen meal patterns emerged, which combined the food categories. A χ2 test was used for analysis.</p><p>Results: Thirteen meal patterns emerged. In descending order, "staple food" was 19.9% and "staple food + main dish + side dish" was 17.3%. By meal division, breakfast was mainly a staple food on weekdays and holidays at 30.8% and 33.4%. For dinner, "staple food + main dish + side dish" was common, but it appeared less than 40% of the time.</p><p>Conclusions: The most frequent meal pattern was "staple food". For dinner, the pattern was "staple food + main dish + side dish" on weekdays and holidays, but the number of times they appeared was only 40%, and more than 10 other food patterns were present.</p>

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