<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of bone grafting materials on macrophage polarization, osteogenic differentiation, and the potential as bone morphogenetic protein-2 carriers

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  • FUJIOKA-KOBAYASHI Masako
    Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
  • KONO Michihide
    Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University
  • NAGAI Takahiro
    Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
  • KATAGIRI Hiroki
    Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
  • IIZUKA Tateyuki
    Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern

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Other Title
  • 各種骨補填材におけるマクロファージ・骨芽細胞分化能およびBone Morphogenetic Protein-2の担体としての有用性に関する<i>in vitro</i>評価
  • 各種骨補填材におけるマクロファージ・骨芽細胞分化能およびBone Morphogenetic Protein-2の担体としての有用性に関するin vitro評価
  • カクシュ ホネ ホテンザイ ニ オケル マクロファージ ・ コツガ サイボウ ブンカノウ オヨビ Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 ノ タンタイ ト シテ ノ ユウヨウセイ ニ カンスル in vitro ヒョウカ

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Abstract

<p>Various bone grafting materials are used for bone augmentation procedures in the field of oral-maxillofacial surgery. Knowledge of biomaterial characteristics is crucial in order to choose the appropriate materials for each clinical case. The purpose of the present study was to investigate not only the conventional method of comparison of osteogenic potential of different bone grafting materials, but also evaluate the macrophage behavior and the potential as carriers of growth factors in vitro.</p><p>　Cell attachment/proliferation on bone grafting materials and the gene expressions of cell differentiation markers were investigated in the human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages and mouse stromal ST-2 cells, when cultured on the three different grafting materials of 1) demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA)(DBX®, Synthes Inc. USA), 2) deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM)(Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland), and 3) biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)(Maxresorb® granules, Botiss AG, Germany). Furthermore, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) adsorption, release kinetics, and osteoblastic activities of BMP-2-loaded materials were evaluated.</p><p>　Higher cell attachment/proliferation potentials in both THP-1-derived macrophages and ST-2 cells were observed when cultured on BCP. Interestingly, DFDBA showed high TNF-α expression with a strong tendency toward M1 phenotypes, whereas BCP showed high IL-10 expression in macrophages and was polarized toward M2 phenotypes. Furthermore, DFDBA significantly increased mRNA levels of bone sialoprotein (BSP) when compared to the other materials in ST-2 cells. DBBM adsorbed a higher amount of BMP-2 when compared with the other materials while the DFDBA released BMP-2 faster. DFDBA showed higher osteopromotive potential including higher mRNA levels of ALP and BSP when used in combination with BMP-2, compared to BMP-2 alone.</p><p>　From this limited study, BCP showed superior cytocompatibility. Nevertheless, DFDBA might be a good option when focusing on higher osteopromotive potential, and for use as a BMP-2 carrier.</p>

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