Analysis of Cardiac Loop Formation in Avian Embryos with Spontaneous Heart Malformations

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  • Analysis of Cardiac Loop Formation in A

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ABSTRACT Embryos with heart tube malformations on the 2nd and 3rd day of incu- bation were selected to support the hypothesis that the heart tube rotates and bends to the right due to the stronger tension generated on the right side of the heart primordium than that on the left side. In 4 embryos, lateral endothelial heart tubes did not fuse at the midline, and each heart tube looped independently. It is suggested that each lateral heart tube generates tension, and can bend to its own side. In 8 conjoined twins in which 2 embryos shared a head and each embryo extended in opposite directions, lateral endothelial heart tubes did not fuse within the embryo on the ventral side, but fused between the sister embryos lateral to the embryos. Such heart tubes bent to the left. Since the heart tubes fused between the sister embryos, the heart primordium on the right side for each embryo occupied the left side of the fused heart tube. Thus in this case our hypothesis that the right-side-derived heart tube generates stronger tension for bending is valid. Heart tubes of 5 other parallel twins also supported our hypothesis.

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