幼児における身体組成と運動能力の相関構図の加齢変化に関する検証

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  • Change with Age of Correlation between Body Composition and Motor Ability in Young Children
  • ヨウジ ニ オケル シンタイ ソセイ ト ウンドウ ノウリョク ノ ソウカン コウズ ノ カレイヘンカ ニ カンスル ケンショウ

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There are few studies on the body composition of young children, and almost none that have investigated the relationship between body composition and motor performance. In the present study we conducted a correlation analysis of body composition and motor performance in young children, and attempted to provide basic information in relational compositions between the two. The subjects were 153 boys and 175 girls aged 3–5 years at kindergartens in the Shinshiro and Toyohashi areas of Aichi Prefecture. Body composition was measured using a Tanita MC-190EM body composition analyzer (multi-frequency, 8 electrodes), and included body weight, soft lean mass, body water, estimated bone mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, and fat mass. Significant increasing trends in height, weight, soft lean mass, fat-free mass, estimated bone mass, and body water were found for changes in physique with age of both boys and girls, indicating a clear growth trend. However, no clear changes with age were seen in body fat percentage and fat mass of boys or BMI of girls. In motor performance, significant increases were seen at each age in the 20 m dash, standing long jump, side steps, one-legged hop, standing on one leg, and tennis ball throw using equipment. In contrast, in items where equipment was used, measurements showed close to no development in jump rope and ball bouncing in 3 and 4-year-old boys. Findings for ball bouncing were similar in girls. In the correlation analysis of body composition and motor performance, significant correlations were seen between 20 m dash and height, fat-free mass, and fat mass in boys of all age groups. Among girls, however, there were no items in which significant correlations were seen in any age group. However, there did not appear to be clear correlations in the young childhood period overall. Thus, early childhood is thought to be a time in which natural growth and development is controlled congenitally and genetically, and physical growth and development is thought to be individual in young children.

収録刊行物

  • 教育医学

    教育医学 56 (3), 275-282, 2011

    日本教育医学会

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