Effects of ordinances prohibiting smoking in private homes with children following smoke-free household rules in Tokyo

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  • 東京都子どもを受動喫煙から守る条例の家庭における喫煙ルールに対する影響の評価
  • トウキョウト コドモ オ ジュドウ キツエン カラ マモル ジョウレイ ノ カテイ ニ オケル キツエン ルール ニ タイスル エイキョウ ノ ヒョウカ

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Abstract

<p>Objectives　Exposure to secondhand smoke is harmful to children's health. Therefore, the Tokyo metropolitan area implemented an ordinance on April 1st, 2018 that prohibits smoking in private homes when children are present. To date, the effect of this ordinance has not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the change in the percentage of residents in the Tokyo metropolitan area who have smoke-free household rules using difference-in-difference (DID) analysis.</p><p>Methods　A one year, follow-up, longitudinal internet survey of the general Japanese population was conducted from 2018 to 2019 (Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey, JASTIS). DID analysis was conducted using the percentage of residents who have smoke-free household rules in Tokyo metropolitan area and control groups in 2018 and 2019.</p><p>Results　We utilized three control groups (Control 1: residents in Japan except from Tokyo metropolitan area; Control 2: residents in Japan except from Kanto region; Control 3: residents in prefectures which have ordinance-designated city) for DID analysis. Covariate-adjusted DID estimates for each control group were −1.0 percentage points (Control 1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=−5.8, 3.9), −1.0 percentage points (Control 2, 95% CI=−5.9, 4.0), and −1.0 percentage points (Control 3, 95% CI=−5.9, 3.9) indicating that there was no significant difference for all control groups. Moreover, no significant difference was observed when respondents’ answers were analyzed and stratified according to sex, age, household income, housing tenure, smoking status, education, or marital status.</p><p>Conclusions　DID analysis revealed no significant change in the percentage of residents of the Tokyo metropolitan area who have smoke-free household rules after the implementation of the ordinance. This study will be useful for local governments when planning and promoting more effective smoke-free ordinances.</p>

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