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[要旨] 本研究の目的は，慢性心不全を併存する認知症高齢者のセルフケアを明らかにすることである。オレムのセルフケア理論を用いて，認知症高齢者本人の言動からみられる普遍的，発達的，健康逸脱に対するそれぞれのセルフケアを導き出す質的記述的研究デザインを用いた。介護老人福祉施設に入所している認知症と慢性心不全の診断のある70～100歳代の高齢者５名を対象に参加観察と半構成的面接を行い，質的に分析した。普遍的セルフケアは【自分にとって適切な量・質・形態の食事と水分を摂取する】，【ケア提供者からの援助を得て，もしくは自ら自分の心の不安定さに気が付き，自分の心が安定するように行動する】等12カテゴリー，発達的セルフケアは【齢を重ねた身体を受け入れる】，【今の健康を維持したり，より健康に生きていくことを望む】等５カテゴリー，健康逸脱に対するセルフケアは【過去の経験が記憶に残っているかどうかにかかわらず，今の自分の身体の感覚を認識する】，【ケア提供者と一緒にもしくは自ら，自分の身体に異変がないかどうかを気にかけている】等11カテゴリーが抽出された。高齢者はケア提供者からのサポートを受けながら自分なりのセルフケアを発揮しており，健康逸脱に対するセルフケアのみではなく，普遍的，発達的セルフケアも含めてみることで，認知症高齢者が発揮している多様なセルフケアをケア提供者が捉えられる可能性があることが明らかとなった。

[SUMMARY] The purpose of this study is to identify upon the self-care of older people with dementia and chronic heart failure. A qualitative descriptive study design identifies self-care based on what older people say and how they behave, and classifies them into three types（universal self-care, developmental self-care, and health deviation self-care） in Dorothea Orem’s theory of self-care. Five people ? aged between 70 and 100 years and who had been diagnosed with both dementia and chronic heart failure, and who were residing in a nursing home ? participated in the study. We conducted observations and semi-structured interviews with the participants and collected their behavioral and narrative data regarding self-care. We then analyzed the data qualitatively. We identified 12 categories as universal self-care, including【Eating and drinking appropriate quantity, quality, and forms of meal and water】,【Taking actions to stabilize their minds, while getting assistance from caregivers or noticing instability of the mind】; five categories as developmental self-care, including【Accepting their bodily conditions as they age】, 【Hoping to live healthier while maintaining their current health】; and 11 categories as health deviation self-care, including【Paying attention to their health conditions with caregivers or by themselves】 and【Paying attention to their health conditions with caregivers or by themselves】. Older people demonstrated self-care with support from caregivers. The results clarify that caregivers can better understand the various self-care needs of older people by regarding them from the perspective of not only health deviation self-care, but via lenses of universal and developmental self-care.