九州大学大学院

Graduate School, Kyushu University

従来,シツツアル形式は,「進行」を表す形式とされてきた。しかし,この形式が具体的な文脈の中でどのような意味を表すのか,また,それらの意味の総体としての一般的意味がどのようなものであるのか,という問題に対してはこれまで十分な解答が与えられてはいないように思われる。本稿の目的は,この問題に対して納得のいく解答を提示することにある。シツツアル形式の基本的意味は,動詞のもちまえのアスペクチュアリティーに基づいていて,限界動詞であれば《変化の不完結》,非限界動詞であれば《動きの開始局面の不完結》を表す。派生的に《くりかえし》も示す。これらの意味は,すべて,動詞の表す変化が限界にむかって推移的に進行している状態を示す《不完結性》という一般的意味からなっている。限界未達成の状態を表すという点で,限界達成後の状態を表すシテイルと対立している。以上のことから,シツツアル形式は,《不完結相》の表現であるといえる。

The shitsutsu-aru form in Japanese has been regarded as a form for expressing a state of 'progression' of an action. However, no satisfactory answers have been given to the questions: (i) what specific meanings it expresses in actual usage, and (ii) what is its 'general meaning' as the sum total of those specific meanings. The purpose of this paper, then, is to provide a satisfactory answer to these problems. The shitsutsu-aru form has two main types of meaning, namely the 'imperfectivity of change' and the imperfectivity of the beginning of an activity'. This variance can be elucidated on the basis of the inherent aspectuality of the verb used in this form. With telic verbs, the form expresses the 'imperfectivity of change.' With atelic verbs, it expresses the 'imperfectivity of the beginning of an activity.' Atelic verbs mark telic situations when a terminal point is implied by syntactic or contextual features, and in this case they mean the 'imperfectivity of change' when combined with the shitsutsu-aru form. Telic verbs, on the other hand, cannot mean the 'imperfectivity of the beginning of an activity.' Therefore, the 'imperfectivity of change' is the prototypical meaning, from which the 'imperfectivity of the beginning of an activity' is extended. The shitsutsu-aru form can sometimes have an 'iterative' meaning as a subsidiary meaning when plural subjects of change are implied by the syntax or the context. All these variant meanings are ultimately derived from the general meaning of 'imperfectivity', which describes a state in which the change expressed by the verb is progressing toward its terminal point. Furthermore, the opposition between the shitsutsu-aru form and the shite-iru form is equivalent to that between imperfective and resultative, and this fact indicates that the shitsutsu-aru form can be regarded as a form of 'imperfective aspect' in Japanese.

application/pdf