自然保護と環境保全 : 「保続的（持続的）発展」を支える思想

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  • シゼン ホゴ ト カンキョウ ホゼン ホゾク テキ ジゾクテキ ハッテン オ ササエル シソウ

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There have been two opposite standpoints in dealing with nature and natural resources: preservation or protection, and destruction or abuse. Some advocate that nature should be protected, while others argue that people can never survive without consuming natural resources. To defuse the confrontation, the concept of “conservation” was proposed by Gifford Pinchot, mainly in terms of maintaining and managing forest resources. However, friction between proponents of “conservation” and those of protection, such as the conflicts between Gifford Pinchot’s “conservationism”and John Muir’s “preservationism”, developed. UNCED 1992, The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, wasthe latest global conference on the environment, and meetingsdevoted to climate change, etc. followed. To harmoniously combine “environment and development”, the theme of “sustainable development” was conceived as a theme necessary to all the world for the survival of both mankind and the environment. Thispaper attemptsto clarify the core problems concerning this issue by reviewing the two contrastive ideas of sustaining the environment while at the same time developing it in the problem of maintaining our environment.

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