Do Mayors' Orientations affect Performance in each Island Group? : Empirical Evidence from a Local Government Survey in the Philippines

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In the Philippines, Local Government Code 1991 was enacted, and then we have observed various efforts for decentralization. Its two main purposes were democratization and the promotion of efficient and effective implementation of local public services. The former involves citizen oriented governance mobilizing people's participation while the latter often utilizes leadership oriented governance largely based on the political will of the mayor. In this paper, we will analyze general characteristics of local governance in the Philippines based on a social survey. We conducted an interview survey on representative 300 local governments with a 100% response rate. We have examined which of the two types of local governments exhibits higher performance. We also tested interactions of the types of governance and the three island groups (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) on performance. We found that in the Visayas islands, citizen oriented local governments had higher performance than the leadership oriented ones in the areas of health, education, and peace.

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