册封進貢體制の動搖とその諸契機 : 嘉慶・道光期の中琉關係を中心に

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A Study on the Unrest and Causes of the Investiture-Tributary System 册封進貢體制 in the Years of Jiaqing 嘉慶 and Daoguang 道光 : With Reference to the Ryukyuan Tributary Relations with China
  • サクホウ シンコウ タイセイ ノ ドウヨウ ト ソノ ショ ケイキ カケイ ドウコウキ ノ チュウリュウカンケイ オ チュウシン ニ
  • 冊封進貢体制の動揺とその諸契機 : 嘉慶・道光期の中琉関係を中心に

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説明

Even before the Opium War, the unrest of the Investitute-Tributary System had begun as a result of the occurrence of the following factors which were internal and external pressure upon the System. 1) The Ryukyuan tributary ships often suffered from maritime accidents and assaults by pirates. 2) The Ryukyuan ships drifting ashore on the coast of China since the years of Jiaqing and Daoguang had increased, and the contraband trade committed by the Ryukyuan ships were prevalent. 3) Tributary nations always tried to expand the trade with China, and sometimes committed illegal activities against the established trade regulations. 4) The western merchants, who desired trading ports outside Guandong province 廣東 and sailed from the coastal cities of China to Korea as well as Ryukyu forcibly, repeatedly committed illegal trade and gathered important informations on China and the tributary nations in order to destroy the System. 5) Heavy economic stress was caused by conducting the Investiture ceremonies, and the troubles were followed by a drastic revision of the tributary term. During the Opium War, the crisesof the Ryukyuan tributary relations with China became apparent through the occurrence of the following events. 1) Though Britain had enmity against China, the Ryukyuan authorities hospitably treated the crew of the British warship, the Indian Oak which drifted ashore on the coast of Okinawa Island. 2) Troubles were caused by the British warships which took part in the Opium War, and their calling at the Ryukyu Islands for the purpose of securing provisions. 3) The last factoris the problem concerning the opening of Fuzhou 福州 to foreign trade during the negotiation between the Chinese and British representatives. The former had opposed the opening of Fuzhou in consideration of the traditional Ryukyuan tributary relations, but finally complied with British request. Therefore the Ryukyu Kingdom was faced with the strong pressure from the British since just after the end of the Opium War.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋史研究

    東洋史研究 59 (1), 69-113, 2000-06-30

    東洋史研究會

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