The self-consciousness towards the writing of ci-poetry --the importance of Hang-zhou period in Bai Ju-yi's literary writing

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Other Title
  • 塡詞への目覺め : 白居易杭州刺史時期の文學的意味
  • テンシ エ ノ メザメ ハク キョイ コウシュウ シシ ジキ ノ ブンガク
  • 填詞への目覚め : 白居易杭州刺史時期の文学的意味

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Bai Ju-yi is one of the famous ci(詞)writers in the Mid-Tang(中唐) period. Yang-liu zhi(揚柳枝), Yi Jiang-nan(憶江南), Zhu-zhi ci(竹枝詞)have been counted as his most well-known pieces. However, his Zhu-zhi ci that are composed in his Zhong-zhou(忠州)period (819-820) is actually not a ci-poetry, but a common poem only. It is because poem written in the ci-form are generally intended for public musical performance, so they have an universal rather than an particular or occasional appeal. Bai Ju-yi's Zhu-zhi ci has depicted his private feeling and is very similar with a piece of poem Zhu-zhi qu(竹枝曲)written by Gu Kuang(顧況), and different from Liu Yu-xi(劉禹錫)'s Zhu-zhi ci that are supposed to let singing girls sing. I consider that Bai Ju-yi begins to compose ci-poetry in Hang-zhou(杭州)period (822-824) because the atmosphere of Hang-zhou at that time has affected his literary preference, and his unflavourable political situation allows him to enjoy the life there. Moreover, he has come to be intimately familiar with the southern courtesan culture, for example, we can easily find the name of the singing girls in his poems written in Hang-zhou. Composing ci-poetry(塡詞)in Mid-Tang period is grounded on music, and prepared for singing. Therefore, relationship between singing girls and poets is considered to be important for ci-poetry writing. Bai Ju-yi's famous piece of ci-poetry, Yang-liu zhi is composed for his private singing girl(家妓)called Han Su(樊素)in Luo-yang(洛陽)period (829-). This girl who comes from Jiang-nan(江南)is indeed introduced by Liu Yu-xi in Su-zhou(蘇州). As a result, Bai Ju-yi describes the beauty of Hang-zhou and Su-zhou in this piece. From this point of view, Yang-liu zhi is very similar with Yi Jiang-nan that is also composed in Luo-yang period. Both of them are based on his own experience in Jiang-nan. To conclude, I regard that singing girls of Jiang-nan have affected and promoted Bai Ju-yi's ci-poetry.

Journal

  • 中國文學報

    中國文學報 45 76-105, 1992-10

    CHINESE LITERATURE ASSOCIATION, DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, FACULTY OF LETTERS, KYÔTO UNIVERSITY

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