<Articles>The Principle and Origin of the Hsien 県 Hsiang 郷 T'ing 亭 li 里 system

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Other Title
  • <論説>県郷亭里制度の原理と由来
  • 県郷亭里制度の原理と由来
  • ケンキョウテイ リ セイド ノ ゲンリ ト ユライ

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Description

The problem of the Hsien 県 Hsiang 郷 T'ing 亭 Li 里・system in the Ch'in 秦 and Han 漢 period has been very controversial subject hitherto. For the descriptions of the history books on this system contradict one another and don't accord with the statistics in the Han 漢 period. However, we can not only understand all the descriptions without confusion, but also find their corrspondence with the statistics, if we presume as follows. That, in the Ch'ien-mo 阡陌 system by Shang-yang 商鞅 in the Han 漢 period, one Ch'ien-mo 阡陌 consisted of ten square sections of cultivated land, each of which was 5, 000 Pus 歩 long and 2, 400 Pus 歩 broad, one hundred Ch'ings 頃 in area and bordered by lanes. And every grownup man in a single family received one Ch'ing 頃. That, one Hsiang 郷 consisted of one Ch'ien-mo 阡陌, 1, 500 doors--among them, 500 doors were included within castle zone.--, Tou-hsiang 都郷 consisted of two Ch'ien-mos 阡陌, and, Hsien 県 consisted of one Touhsiang 都郷 and three Shiahhsiangs 下郷 within one hundred lis 里 around. And, one T'ing 亭 every ten lis 里, one Tou-hsiang 都郷 every one hundred lis 里 were set up. According to the statistics in the Han 漢 period, one Hsien 県 consisted of 5, 000 Ch'ings 頃 of cultivated land, 20, 000 Ch'ings 頃 of uncultivated arable land, and 15, 000 Ch'ings 頃 of villages, hills, rivers, forests and swamps. This description accords with the ratio of the area of the culivated land to that of villages, hills, rivers, forests and swamps in the feud country (侯国) within one hundred lis 里 around, described by Li Huang 李煌 in the Wei 魏 period. Consequently, we can recognize, the Hsien 県 Hsiang 郷 T'ing 亭 Li 里・system in the Ch'ing 秦 Han 漢 period came from both Chin-Ti-Li 盡地力 theory by Li-Huang 李煌 and Ch'ien-mo 阡陌 system by Shang-Yang 商鞅.

Journal

  • 史林

    史林 56 (2), 193-223, 1973-03-01

    THE SHIGAKU KENKYUKAI (The Society of Historical Research), Kyoto University

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