<Articles>Samurai 侍 and Bonge 凡下

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Other Title
  • <論説>侍・凡下考
  • 侍・凡下考
  • サムライ ボンゲ コウ

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There was a status discrimination between the Samurai and the Bonge in the Middle Ages. According to the extant documents, it was in Kendansata (検断沙汰 the code of criminal procedure) and in the costume of those days that the discrimination was most evident. For example, as a rule, the Bonge was tortured when accused as a suspected criminal, but the Samurai was exempted from the torture. This privilege given to the Samurai seems to have originated in the privilege given to the person of official rank in the Kuge-law 公家法. So it may be said that the Samurai had a close connection genealogically with those who had been allowed the official ranks in Ritsuryō 律令 system. Then, when the status discrimination between the Samurai and the Bonge becomes an issue, it must be noticed that the Rōtō 郎等 was not included in the Samurai in the law of the Kamakura shogunale 鎌倉幕府, nevertheless, in reality in his residence it seems that the Rōtō was included in it. This article, by the consideration of the Samurai and the Bonge, aimes at finding a clue that should make clear the status system in the Middle Ages, especially in the days of the Kamakura shogunate.

Journal

  • 史林

    史林 59 (4), 499-529, 1976-07-01

    THE SHIGAKU KENKYUKAI (The Society of Historical Research), Kyoto University

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