<Articles>Simon de Montfort's Rule in Gascony, 1248-1252

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  • <論説>シモン・ド・モンフォールのガスコーニュ統治
  • シモン・ド・モンフォールのガスコーニュ統治
  • シモン ド モンフォール ノ ガスコーニュ トウチ

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Powicke once wrote, "Simon de Montfort, an authoritarian by nature, was the victim of Henry's caprice" (King Henry III and the Lord Edward, p.214). Concerning the Plantagenet's administration of Gascony, Powicke paid little attention to the allegiance and political movements of local lords and boroughs in Gascony. No events from Roles Gascons were cited in his explanation of Simon's administration in his book. He assumed the personal character or nature of the distant king, who stayed only sporadically in Gascony, would have decided the success or failure of the administration of the seneschals. However, more evidence is needed to prove what circumstances caused the collapse of Simon's administration of Gascony in 1252. Such evidence may be found in the grievances presented to Henry III by the Gascon barons, burgesses and ecclesiastics between 1248 and 1252. In this paper documents concerning three different occasions of such grievances will be examined. The first group of documents concerns the peace after the revolt of the burgesses of Bordeaux in June 28, 1249. The second group is about the contract between Simon and the Gaston de Bearne and Amaneus d'Albret after the latter two rebelled against the seneschal in 1251. The third group includes documents of grievances rendered to Henry III by various factions in Gascony, i.e. barons, burgesses and ecclesiastics, in 1252. By examining the documents we can conclude that if Simon's administration had been thoroughly successful, the feudal relationships between Plantagenet kings and the Gascon lords and boroughs could have been stronger. Edward I seems to have been able to carry out a large-scale re-examination of feudal relationships in 1273-74 on the basis of Simon's precedent.

Journal

  • 史林

    史林 92 (5), 830-861, 2009-09-30

    THE SHIGAKU KENKYUKAI (The Society of Historical Research), Kyoto University

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