Influence of coaching during intense physical exercises on attention to surroundings

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  • 運動時の声かけは周囲への注意にどのような影響を及ぼすのか

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[抄録] 本研究は，注意力の低下を招く恐れのある運動強度での運動状況下において，他者からの声かけが，周囲の状況変化に対する知覚にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて検討した。6年以上の運動経験を有する36名の実験参加者を対象に，運動および声かけの有無から，運動および他者からの声かけがない統制群，運動は行わないが他者からの声かけを受ける注意喚起群，運動を行うが他者からの声かけがない運動群，運動および他者からの声かけがあるコーチング群の4つの群を設定した。実験課題は，非注意性盲目に関する映像を視聴し，映像内容および映像内で生じた状況の変化について回答することであった．注意喚起群およびコーチング群は，状況の変化が生じる直前に声かけがなされた．結果では，他者からの声かけは，注意の幅を広げ，周囲で起こる状況変化への気づきに寄与することが推察された。これらの結果により，スポーツにおける声かけは，注意の広がりや状況変化への気づきを促す知覚的効果があり，パフォーマンスを支える重要な特徴の一つであると考えられる。

[ABSTRACT] In this study, we examined how the influence of coaching by other people on the perception of the surrounding situation changes in the context of physical exercise with the exercise intensity, which may lower one’s attention. With 36 participants having exercise experiences of more than 6 years, we set four groups based on the presence or absence of exercise and coaching: a control group without exercise and coaching from others, an alert group that does not exercise but receives coaching from others, an exercise group without coaching from others but do exercise, and a coaching group with exercise and coaching from others. The experimental task was to watch the video on inattentional blindness and answer the video content and the change in the situation that occurred in the video. The alert group and the coaching group were asked coaching just before the situation changed. Through the results, it was inferred that coaching by other people widened the range of attention and raised awareness of changes occurring in the circumstances. Based on these results, coaching in sports thus has a perceptual effect of promoting awareness of change in the circumstances and widening the range of attention, and it is considered to be one of the important features for in supporting performance.

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