Productivity Dynamics and R&D Spillovers in the Japanese Manufacturing lndustry : An Empirical Analysis Based on Micro-level Data

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  • 製造業における生産性動学とR＆Dスピルオーバー : ミクロデータによる実証分析
  • セイゾウギョウ ニ オケル セイサンセイドウガク ト R&Dスピルオーバー : ミクロデータ ニ ヨル ジッショウ ブンセキ

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Abstract

Recent studies on productivity dynamics using plant-level data found that a major sources of the decline in aggregate productivity growth is the negative exit effect, in which the productivity level of exiting plants is higher than the industry average, and the total factor productivity (TFP) of small plants has stagnated. Using matched data of the Census of Manufactures and the Report on the Survey of Research and Development for 1987 and 2007, we examine two issues by focusing on regional economics. First, we decompose the aggregate productivity growth in Japan's manufacturing sector and prefectural level to investigate in which prefecture did negative effects occur. We found that a large negative exit effect occurred in manufacturing plants agglomerations such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Kanagawa after 1995. Second, we analyze the effect of research and development (R&D), private R&D spillovers, and public R&D spillovers on productivity growth in the Japanese manufacturing sector. Our findings are as follows. (1) The effect of R&D spillovers from other firms is attenuated by distance. (2) The effect of R&D spillovers across firms has declined remarkably since the late 1990s due to exits of plants which belong to R&D intensive firms in the agglomerations. This means that the exit by such plants simultaneously cause the negative exit effect and stagnation of TFP growth in small plants. (3) The effect of public R&D spillovers is more likely to decline. This is caused by the reduction of R&D in public research organizations since the late 1990s.

Journal

  • 経済研究

    経済研究 64 (3), 269-285, 2013-07-25

    岩波書店

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