Regional Differences and the Financial Security of Local Independent Projects: Focusing on Compulsory Education Expenses

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  • 地方単独事業の地域差と財源保障 ―義務教育費を中心に―
  • チホウ タンドク ジギョウ ノ チイキサ ト ザイゲン ホショウ : ギム キョウイクヒ オ チュウシン ニ

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In compulsory education, since funding from the central government mainly consists of general revenue sources from locally allocated taxes, the final decision on expenditures is left to the discretion of municipalities. Therefore, it can be said that there is a tendency for regional differences in the level of administrative services to occur, and there is an issue with whether compulsory education expenses are secured at the municipal level. It is necessary to understand the financial and business situations surrounding compulsory education expenses and to examine how the central government should handle financial measures in the future.　Specifically, I use financial data from sources such as the “local financial status survey.” To understand regional differences in administrative services, we calculated the value obtained by dividing “settlement of general revenue sources” by “basic financial needs” to obtain the “budget action rate.” In addition, I conducted a survey of similar organizations classified as “Cities I-2.”　As a result, it can be observed that a municipality’s financial strength and budget action rate are weakly correlated, but the correlation is weakening each year. Due to changes in the social situation, municipal projects are gradually expanding, and spending is increasing nationwide. If the budgetary expenditures of municipalities continue to expand, municipalities that lack economic strength will be unable to respond effectively, which may become a factor in increasing regional differences in the content and level of administrative services.　To cope with such a situation, it is necessary for the central government to expand financial security measures. At present, the central government is not fully responsible for responding to changes in the social environment. While respecting the local autonomy of municipalities, it is also necessary that the content and quality of compulsory education be guaranteed by the central government.

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