Factors of Inconvenience Hindering Elderly Independence in Performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

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  • 高齢者の手段的日常生活動作（IADL）を阻害する不便さの要因

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高齢者の自立した生活を阻む不便さを手段的日常生活動作（以下，IADL）に着目し明らかにすることを目的に，半構造的面接を実施し質的記述的に分析した．その結果，公共交通機関の利用では5 カテゴリ, 金融機関の利用では5 カテゴリ, 情報通信機器の使用では携帯電話3 カテゴリとパソコン2 カテゴリ，買い物では6 カテゴリ，医療機関の利用では7 カテゴリが生成された．高齢者の不便さには，加齢に伴う運動機能・認知機能・感覚機能の低下に加え，設備やシステムのハード面と高齢者を取り巻く人々の支援態勢のソフト面が影響していた．高齢者のIADL の自立を促し，生活不安を助長させないためには，高齢者の行動特性やニーズを理解しサポーティブな環境を構築することの重要性が示唆された．

We conducted a semi-structured interview to reveal what hinder the elderly in their independence of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living（IADLs）in the super aging society and rethinking an environment they can lead a life independently and comfortably. As a result, we classified them into 9 categories in use of public transportations, 7 categories in use of financial institutions, 5 categories in use of a mobile phone and 4 categories in use of a personal computer (PC) about information and communication equipment, 8 categories in shopping, 9 categories in use of medical institutions. The factors of the elderly’s inconvenience are not only deterioration of motional, cognitive or sensory function but also tangible factors like equipment,and intangible factors like support systems to care the elderly. It was suggested that we should understand needs and behavioral characteristics of the elderly and create the environment for mutual support not to increase anxiety of the elderly’s life but to prompt the elderly to be independent of IADLs.

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