Cytogenetic Biodosimetry in Radiation Emergency Medicine: 1. Blood Collection and Its Management

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  • Fujishima Yohei
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Abe Yu
    Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
  • Ting Valerie Goh Swee
    Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
  • Nakayama Ryo
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Takebayashi Kai
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Nakata Akifumi
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
  • Ariyoshi Kentaro
    Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
  • Thanh Mai Tran
    Biodosimetry Group, Centre of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 1 Nguyen Tu Luc, Ward 8, Dalat City, Lamdong Province, Vietnam
  • Kasai Kosuke
    Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Hanada Hiroyuki
    Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki University, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8563, Japan
  • Yoshida Mitsuaki A.
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Institute of Chromosome Life Science, 11-5-409, Fukuokachuo 2-Chome, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-0031, Japan
  • Ito Katsuhiro
    Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki University, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8563, Japan
  • Miura Tomisato
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan

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<p>Dose assessment is very important to triage exposed patients and to carry out efficient medical care and treatment in radiation emergency medicine. In cytogenetic biodosimetry, peripheral blood collected from exposed patients must be cultured to induce chromosome-analyzable metaphases in peripheral lymphocytes. Medical institutions that accept exposed patients must understand the time of blood sampling, choice of anticoagulant, temperature conditions for blood storage according to the type of anticoagulant and the method of blood transportation to the laboratory for biodosimetry. However, as medical institutions tend to have insufficient understanding on blood collection and shipment required for biodosimetry, this information must be provided to aid in reliable dose estimation. In addition, dose assessment requires some basic information from patients such as age, gender, smoking history, alcohol intake, underlying medical conditions and previous radiation exposures including occupational and medical exposure. The medical institution should also be prepared to provide such information to the biodosimetry laboratory. This article provides a summary of essential information from blood collection to blood transportation carried out by medical institutions for cytogenetic biodosimetry.</p>

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