Historical consideration of Ancient Egyptian faience through a craftsman’s point of view

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<p>Ancient Egyptian faience is a sintered quartz, usually with a blue-green glassy surface. Although its manufacturing method has been lost for about two thousand years, some descendants remained in the modern world, giving a clue to reconstructing the ancient technology. We now know that there are three distinct methods of faience making: efflorescence, cementation, and application. However, the study of faience has been mainly from the scientist’s point of view, not from the craftsman’s. This paper deals with replicating the ancient Egyptian faience from the creator’s viewpoint. The author proposes ways to manage the slumpy faience paste and improve its plasticity through experiments. Also, the experiments proved that the cementation method yields the best quality faience. The author also discovered that the surface glaze and bubbles differ in each method, and the difference can be observed by a low magnifying microscope. Such a handy means of examination will probably enlarge the possibility of examining valuable faience objects stored in museums. The outcome of the experiments tells that all three methods were present by the mid-Middle Kingdom Period, and the choice of a particular method might be based on the cost of manufacture.</p>

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