Cytogenetic Biodosimetry in Radiation Emergency Medicine: 4. Overview of Cytogenetic Biodosimetry

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  • Nakayama Ryo
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Abe Yu
    Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
  • Goh Swee Ting Valerie
    Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
  • Takebayashi Kai
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Tran Thanh Mai
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Biodosimetry Group, Centre of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 1 Nguyen Tu Luc, Ward 8, Dalat City, Lamdong Province, Vietnam
  • Fujishima Yohei
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Nakata Akifumi
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
  • Ariyoshi Kentaro
    Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
  • Kasai Kosuke
    Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Anderson Donovan
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
  • Hanada Hiroyuki
    Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki University, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8563, Japan
  • A. Yoshida Mitsuaki
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan Institute of Chromosome Life Science, 11-5-409, Fukuokachuo 2-Chome, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-0031, Japan
  • Ito Katsuhiro
    Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki University, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8563, Japan
  • Miura Tomisato
    Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan

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説明

<p>Dose estimation is performed to provide physicians individual doses of patients exposed to radiation for medical treatment in radiation emergency medicine. Cytogenetic dose assessment plays an important role in radiation medicine because it directly analyzes the in vivo response of exposed patients and accurately estimates acute whole-body exposure. The endpoint used as a biological dosimeter in cytogenetic dose assessment fulfils three requirements: (1) specificity, (2) stability, and (3) dose-dependency. Dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay (DCA) is recognized as the gold standard in biodosimetry because Dic is an excellent endpoint that meets all three requirements of a biological dosimeter. In addition to DCA, premature chromosome condensation assay, cytokinesis block micronucleus assay, and translocation assay are used in cytogenetic dose assessment. As the endpoints of each assay are different, the most suitable method is selected according to the exposure scenario in terms of partial/whole-body exposure and applicable dose range. This article outlines the characteristics of cytogenetic dose assessment methods, reagents used for blood culture, and precautions for harvesting and spreading in chromosome preparation.</p>

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