The Historical Development of the Open Door System at Umayabashi Hospital Focusing on Work and Entertainment from the Hospital’s Establishment until its Relocation

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  • YAMADA Toshie
    医療法人仁精会　三河病院 愛知県立大学人間発達学研究科（博士後期課程）

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  • 厩橋病院の開放処遇に関する歴史的展開――病院設立から移転までの作業と慰安に焦点を当てて――
  • キュウバシ ビョウイン ノ カイホウ ショグウ ニ カンスル レキシテキ テンカイ : ビョウイン セツリツ カラ イテン マデ ノ サギョウ ト イアン ニ ショウテン オ アテテ

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<p>This study purposed to determine the significance of Umayabashi Hospital’s so labeled “open door system” for the treatment of psychiatric patients. To accomplish this objective, it examined the relationship between the guiding principles of Dr. Maeda, the hospital’s director, and specific practices pertaining to work and entertainment. The study investigated the period from hospital’s establishment until its relocation in 1935. The founding of Umayabashi Hospital liberated psychiatric patients from confinement in so-called “cages”. Instead, they received treatment in an environment that offered both work and entertainment based on an open-door system. Psychiatric hospitals tended to be enclosed spaces in the prewar Showa period. Conversely, the doctors and nurses at Umayabashi Hospital expanded the place of work and entertainment from the wards within the hospital to the outside world. The present study found that the open care offered at Umayabashi Hospital treated psychiatric patients “a person”, and that it was based on the objectives of Dr. Maeda by nurses who shared in those objectives, patients that regarded the care as being a process toward recovery, and a community that showed an understanding of the hospital.</p>

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